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Section One: Canonical Texts



a) Anthologies
Kangyur (Tib: bKa’-’gyur; Eng: Collected Translations of the Buddha’s Teachings).
Several editions are extant including the authoritative Derge xylographic edition in 103 vols.
rNying-ma’i rgyud-’bum (Eng: Collected Tantras of the Nyingmapa). Several manuscript versions are extant, but only one xylographic edition at Derge in 26 vols.
b) Sutras (mdo-sde)
Avatamsakasutra (Tib: mDo-sde phal-po-che; Eng: Siitra of the Great Bounteousness of the Buddhas). T 44, Mil WL 197, translated by T. Cleary, The Flower Ornament Scripture, 3 vols. Boulder: Shambhala, 1984 onwards.
Karandavyuhasutra (Tib: mDo-sde za-ma-tog; Eng: Siitra of the Cornucopia of Avalokitesvara’s Attributes), ed. P. L. Vaidya, Buddhist Sanskrit Texts, 17 (1961). T 116, MTTWL 90.
Lankdvatdrasutra (Tib: mDo-sde lankar gshegs-pa; Eng: Siitra of the Descent to Lanka), ed. P. L. Vaidya, Buddhist Sanskrit Texts 3 (1963). T 107, translated by D. T. Suzuki, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1932, 1956, etc.
Prajndpdramitd (Tib: Sherphyin, Eng: Transcendental Perfection of Discriminative Awareness): a collective name for a whole genre of sutras, including the three longest versions in 100,000 sections (T 8), 25,000 sections (T 9) and 8,000 sections (T 12). See MTTWL 208, 154 and 222 respectively. Extensively translated by E. Conze.
Ratnakiita (Tib: dKon-mchog brtsegs-pa; Eng: Mound of Precious Gems). T 45-93, MTTWL 122. Extensive selections are contained in G. C. C. Chang, A Treasury of Mahdydna Sutras: Selections from the Mahdratnakiita. Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1983.
Sandhinirmocanasutra (Tib: dGongs-pa nges-par ‘grel-pa theg-pa chen-po’i mdo; Eng: Siitra of the Unravelling of Enlightened Intention). T 106, MTTWL 197.
Partial translation in John Powers, Jnanagarbha’s Commentary on the Samdhi-
nirmocana Sutra. Tathdgatagarbhasiltra (Tib: De-bzhin gshegs-pa’i snying-po’i mdo; Eng: Sutra of the Nucleus of the Tathdgata). T 258, MTTWL 2.31. Vajracchedikd (Tib: rDorje gcod-pa; Eng: Diamond Cutter), ed. P. L. Vaidya, Buddhist Sanskrit Texts 17 (1961), T 16, translated and edited by E. Conze, Serie Orientale Roma 13 (1957). Retranslated in Red Pine, Diamond Sutra, New York: Counterpoint,2001.
c) Tantras
Buddhasamayoga (Tib: Sangs-rgyas mnyam-sbyor-gi rgyud; Eng: Tantra of Union in Equilibrium with the Buddhas). T 366-7, Derge NGB Vols. n-12. Guhyagarbha Tantra (Tib: rGyud gsang-ba’i snying-po; Eng: Tantra of the Secret Nucleus). T 832, Derge NGB Vol.
9, ed. and translated in G. Dorje, GGFTC,1987.
Guhyasamdja Tantra (Tib: rGyud gsang-ba ‘dus-pa; Eng: Tantra of the Secret Assembly), ed. S. Bagchi, Buddhist Sanskrit Texts 9 (1965), ed. B. Bhattacharya, Gaekwad’s Oriental Series, 53 (1967). T 442-3, Derge NGB Vol. 12. Translated by F. Fremantle in A Critical Study of the Guhayasamdja Tantra, Unpublished PhD thesis no. 774 271989, University of London.
Kun-byed rgyal-po’i rgyud (Eng: Tantra of the All-accomplishing King). T 828, Derge NGB Vol. 5. Translated in E. K. Neumaier-Dargyay, Sovereign All-creating Mind, Albany: SUNY (1992).
MDO dgongs-pa ’dus-pa (Eng: Sutra Which Gathers All Intentions). T 829, Derge NGB Vol. 7. Nyi-zla kha-sbyor (Eng: Tantra of the Coalescence of Sun and Moon). Derge NGB Vol. 4.
rDo-rje sems-dpa’ sgyu-’phrul me-long (Eng: Tantra of the Mirror of the Magical
Net of Vajrasattva). Derge NGB Vol. 11. Sarvadurgatiparisodhanatantra (Tib: Ngan-song sbyong-rgyud; Eng: Tantra of the
Purification of the Lower Realms). T 483,485, ed. and translated T. Skorupski in
The Sarvadurgatipariiodhana Tantra: Elimination of All Evil Destinies, Motilal
Banarsidas, 1983. sKu-gdung ‘bar-ba’i rgyud (Eng: Tantra of the Cremation of Corpses). Derge NGB Vol. 3.

Section Two: Commentarial Literature
a) Anthologies
Tengyur (Tib: bsTan-’gyur; Eng: Collected Translations of the Classical Treatises).
Again there are several extant versions, including the authoritative Derge xylographic edition in 213 vols. rNying-ma’i bka’-ma (Eng: Collected Teachings of the Nyingmapa). The most extensive anthology of Nyingma commentarial literature, edited by Khenpo Jamyang at Katok (1999) in 120 vols.
b) Commentaries of Indie Origin
Ajitamitragupta, ‘Chi slu-ba’i gdams-pa (Eng: Teachings on the Ritual Deception of Death).! 2839.
Maitreya, Abhisamayalamkdra (Tib: mNgon-rtogs rgyan; Eng: Ornament of Emergent Realisation). T 3786, MTTWL 2-5. On this work see also Trangu Rinpoche, Ornament of Clear Realization, Auckland: Zhyisil Chokyi Ghatsal Publications, 2004, and Lati Rinbochay et al., Meditative States in Tibetan Buddhism, London: Wisdom, 1982.
Nagarjuna, Prajndndmamulamadhyamakakarika (Tib: dBu-ma rtsa-ba’i tshig-le’ur byas-pa shes-rab ces-bya-ba; Eng: Root Stanzas of the Madhyamaka entitled Discriminative Awareness), ed. P. L. Vaidya, Buddhist Sanskrit Texts 10 (i960). T 3824, translated in F. J. Streng, Emptiness: A Study in Religious Meaning, Nashville/New York: Abingdon, 1967, and by K. Kalupahana, Miilamadhya-makakdrikds, Albany: SUNY, 1986.
Santaraksita, Tattvasamgraha (Tib: De-nyid bsdus-pa; Eng: Compendium of Topics). T 4266, ed. D. Shastri, Baudha Bharati Series 1-2 (1968), translated by G. Jha, Gaekwad’s Oriental Series 80 (1937), 83 (1939).
_________ Madhyamakdlamkara (Tib: dBu-ma rgyan; Eng: Ornament of the Middle
Way). T 3884, ed. and translated in Masamichi Ichigo, Madhyamakdlamkara, Kyoto: Kyoto Sangyo University, 1985.
Tathagataraksita, Mrtyusadhapaka (Tib: ’Chi-ba bslu-ba; Eng: Ritual Deception of Death). T 1702.
Tilopa, Saddharmopadesa (Tib: Ndro chos-drug; Eng: The Six Doctrines of Naropd). T 2330. See H. V. Guenther, The Life and Teaching of Ndropd. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1963.
Vaglsvaraklrti, Mrtyuvancanopadesa (Tib: ’Chi-ba bslu-ba; Eng: Esoteric Instructions on the Ritual Deception of Death). T 1748.
Vasubandhu, Abhidharmakosa (Tib: Chos-mgon pa’i mdzod; Eng: Treasury of the Abhidharma), ed. D. Shastri, Baudha Bharati Series 5-8 (1970-72). T 4089, French translation by L. de la Vallee-Poussin, L’Abhidharmakosa de Vasubandhu, 6 vols., Paris, Paul Geuthner, 1923-36. English translation by L. Pruden, Abhidharmakosabhasyam, 4 vols. Berkeley: Asian Humanities Press, 1988.
c) Commentaries of Tibetan Origin
Dudjom Rinpoche, bsTan-pa’i rnam-gzhag (Eng: Fundamentals of the Nyingma School). Translated in NSTB.
Gampopa, Dvags-po thar-rgyan (Eng: The Jewel Ornament of Liberation). Translated by H. V. Geunther, Berkeley: Shambhala, 1971.
Gendun Gyeltsen, gTer-ston lung-bstan-dang khungs-btsun-pa bla-ma brgyud-pa’i rim-pa-rnams (Eng: Padmasambhava’s Prophecy of the Treasure-finder and the Series of Authentic Lineage Teachers). Contained in DR, Vol. 1, pp. 21-6.
Gyarawa Namka Chokyi Gyeltsen, rGyud-pa’i lo-rgyus bsdus-pa nor-bu’i phreng-ba (Eng: Jewel Garland: An Abridged History of the Lineage). Contained inDR, Vol. 1, pp. 27-48.
Longchen Rabjampa, Grub-mtha’ mdzod (Eng: Treasury of Spiritual and Philosophical Systems), ed. Dodrup Chen Rinpoche, Gangtok, Sikkim, c. 1969.
_________gNas-lugs mdzod (Eng: Precious Treasury of the Way of Abiding), trans.
Richard Barron, Padma Publications, 1987.
Ngari Panchen, sDom-gsum rnam-nges (Eng: Ascertainment of the Three Vows). Contained in NK, Vol. 51. See HH Dudjom Rinpoche’s commentary in Perfect Conduct: Ascertaining the Three Vows, Boston: Wisdom Publications, 1996.
Patrul Rinpoche, mKhas-pa’i shri rgyal-po mkhas-chos, in the Collected Works of Patrul Orgy an Jigme Chokyi Wangpo (dPal-sprul gsung-’bum), Vol. 5, pp. 206-25. On this text, see HH Dalai Lama, ‘Hitting the Essence in Three Words’, in Dzogchen: The Heart Essence of the Great Perfection, pp. 61-92, Snowlion, 2000; also Khenpo Palden Sherab and Khenpo Tsewang Dongyal, Lion’s Gaze, Sky Dancer Press, 1999.
Tsele Natsok Rangdrol, Bar-do spyi-don thams-cad rnam-pa gsal-bar byed-pa dran-pa’i me-long (Eng: Mirror of Mindfulness Clarifying All Aspects of the Intermediate States), translated by Erik Schmidt Pema Kunsang in The Mirror of Mindfulness, Kathmandu: Rangjung Yeshe Publications, 1987.
d) Treasure-doctrines (gter chos)
Guru Chowang (disc), bKa’-brgyad gsang-ba yongs-rdzogs (Eng: Eight Transmitted Precepts: Consummation of All Secrets). Contained in bKa’-brgyad phyogs-bsgrigs, 4 vols.
_________ bKa’-brgyad drag-po rang-byung-ba’i zhi-khro na-rag skong-bzhags-gyi
cho-ga, translated by K. Dowman, ‘Emptying the Depths of Hell’, in Flight of the Garuda, pp. 53-61.
Jamgon Kongtrul (redactor), Rin-chen gter-mdzod (Eng: Store of Precious Treasures), recently republished at Derge in 76 vols.
Jigme Lingpa (disc), Klong-chen snying-thig (Eng: Innermost Spirituality of Longchenpa), contained in the Collected Works of Jigme Lingpa, Vols. 7-8, republished in 3 vols., New Delhi: Ngawang Sopa, 1973. Selections translated in Tulku Thondup, The Dzogchen Innermost Essence Preliminary Practice (ed. B. Beresford), Dharamsala: Tibetan Library of Works and Archives, 1982; The Assemblage of the Knowledge-holders, Shantiniketan, WB, 1980; and in The Queen of Great Bliss, Gangtok: Dodrup Chen Rinpoche, 1982.
_________Rig ’dzin thugs-sgrub dpal-chen ’dus-pa, contained in Klong-chen snying-thig, Vol. 1, pp. 616ff.
_________ sKu-gsum zhing-khams sbyong-ba’i smon-lam, contained in Klong-chen snying-thig, Vol. 2, pp. 448-52.
Karma Lingpa (disc), Zab-chos zhi-khro dgongs-pa rang-grol (Eng: Peaceful and Wrathful Deities: A Profound Sacred Teaching, [entitled] Natural Liberation through [Recognition of] Enlightened Intention). Several recensions are extant. B. J. Cuevas lists eighteen printed and manuscript versions of Tibetan and sub-Himalayan provenance. These include the most extensive and authoritative, DR, the full contents of which are listed in Appendix One, pp. 381-6.
_________sKongs-bshags nyams-chags rang-grol [gyi dbang-bskur gnas-spar ’gro-drug rang-grol] (Eng: Natural Liberation through the Propelling of the Six Classes of Beings into Higher Rebirth: The [Middle-length] Empowerments of the Natural Liberation of Degenerated Commitments through Reparation and Confession), contained in DR, Vol. 1, pp. 127-60.
_________dBang-’bring (Eng: Middle-length Empowerment). See the previous entry.
_________bsKang-bshags nyams-chag rang-grol-gyi tshe-’das gnas-’dren ’gro-drug rang-
grol (Eng: Natural Liberation of Degenerated Commitments through Reparation and Confession: The Natural Liberation of the Six Classes of Living Beings through the Guidance of the Deceased to Higher Rebirth), contained in DR, Vol. 2, pp. 1-50.
_________rDzogs-rim bar-do drug-gi khrid-yig (Eng: Six Guidebooks of the Perfection
Stage), contained in DR, Vol. 2, pp. 303-432. Translated by Alan Wallace and Gyatrul Rinpoche in Natural Liberation.
_________ Bar-do thos-grol chen-mo (Eng: The Great Liberation by Hearing in the
Intermediate States, i.e. the Tibetan Book of the Dead), an abridgement of Karma Lingpa’s revelations, extant in several editions – B. J. Cuevas lists eleven printed and manuscript versions of Tibetan and sub-Himalayan provenance. These include the Amdo edition, the Delhi reprint and the Varanasi reprint. The text is fully translated in the present work for the first time. Earlier partial translations were made by Kazi Dawa Samdup, in W. Y. Evans-Wentz, ed., Tibetan Book of the Dead, London/Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press, 1927; by Francesca Fremantle and Chogyam Trungpa, Tibetan Book of the Dead, Berke-ley/London: Shambhala, 1975; by Robert Thurman, Tibetan Book of the Dead, Aquarian/Thorsons, 1994; and by Stephen Hodge and Martin Boord, Illustrated Tibetan Book of the Dead, New York: Godsfield Press, 1999.
_________Thugs-rje chen-po padma zhi-khro (Eng: Great Compassionate One: Lotus
Peaceful and Wrathful Deities). NA, but extracts of a rediscovered treasure (yang-gter) of the same title, revealed by Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo, are found in the Rin-chen gter-mdzod, Vol. 34, pp. 235-432.
Longchen Rabjampa (disc/redisc), sNying-thig ya-bzhi (Eng: Four-part Innermost Spirituality), containing the Bla-ma yang-tig, the Bi-ma snying-thig, the mKha’-’gro yang-tig, the mKha’-’gro snying-thig, and Zab-mo yang-tig. Derge xylographic edition in 4 vols., republished in Delhi by Sherab Gyaltsen Lama (1975) in 13 vols. Catalogue by S. Goodman in ‘The Klong-chen snying-thig: An Eighteenth-century Tibetan Revelation’, Appendix B.
Orgyan Lingpa (disc), Padma bka’-thang shel-brag-ma (Eng: The Injunctions of Padma, discovered at Crystal Rock), Chengdu: Sichuan Nationalities Publishing House, 1987. Translated in G. C. Toussaint, Le Diet de Padma, Bibliotheque de PInstitut de Hautes Etudes Chinoises, Vol. 3, Paris: Libraire Ernest Leroux, 1933; and in K. Douglas and G. Bays, Life and Liberation of Padmasambhava, 2 vols., Emeryville, California: Dharma Publications, 1978.
Prahevajra (disc), Tshig-gsum gnad-du brdeg-pa (Eng: Three Points Which Penetrate the Essential). Contained in Bi-ma snying-thig, Pt. 1, Vol, Ga, pp. 304-18.

Section Three: Secondary Sources
Basham, A. L., The Wonder That Was India, 3rd edn, London: Sidgwick 8c Jackson,
1967. Beyer, S., The Cult of Tara, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978.
Blezer, H., Kar gliri zi khro: A Tantric Buddhist Concept, Leiden: Research School
CNWS, 1997. Chokyi Nyima Rinpoche, The Bardo Guidebook (trans. Eric Schmidt Pema Kunsang), Hong Kong: Rangjung Yeshe Publications, 1991. Coleman, G. P. (ed.), A Handbook of Tibetan Culture, London: Rider, 1993. Cuevas, B. J., The Hidden History of the Tibetan Book of the Dead, Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 2003. _________‘A Textual Survey of the gter ma of Karma-gling-pa: Zab chos zhi khro dgongs pas rang grol and Bar do thos grol chen mo’, in Tibetan Studies: Proceedings of the Eighth Seminar of the International Association for Tibetan Studies, Bloomington: Indiana University Press (forthcoming). HH Dalai Lama, Dzogchen: The Heart Essence of the Great Perfection, Ithaca, New York: Snowlion Publications, 2000.
_________Advice on Dying and Living a Better Life, London: Rider, 2002.
HH Dilgo Khyenste Rinpoche, Pure Appearance (trans. Ani Jinpa), Halifax: Vajra Vairochana Translation Committee, 1992.
Dorje, G., The Guhyagarbhatattvaviniicayamahdtantra and its XIVth-century Tibetan Commentary Phyogs bcu mun sel, 3 vols., unpublished PhD thesis, University of London, 1987. _________‘The Nyingma Interpretation of Commitment and Vow’, in The Buddhist Forum, Vol. 2 (1991), pp. 71-95.
_________Tibetan Elemental Divination Paintings: Illuminated Manuscripts from The
White Beryl of Sangs-rgyas rGya-mtsho, with the Moonbeams treatise of Lochen
Dharmairl, London: Eskenasi and Fogg, 2001. Dowman, K., Flight of the Garuda. Boston: Wisdom Publications, 1994. HH Dudjom Rinpoche, The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism: Its Fundamentals and History, translated by G. Dorje and M. Kapstein, Boston: Wisdom
Publications, 1991. _________Counsels from My Heart (translated by Padmakara Translation Committee),
Boston: Shambhala, 2001. Eckel, M. D., Jfidnagarbha’s Commentary on the Distinction between the Two
Truths, Albany: SUNY, 1987. Epstein, L., ‘On the History and Psychology of the “das-log”, in Tibet Journal, 7.4
(1982), pp. 20-85. Fremantle, F., Luminous Emptiness: Understanding the Tibetan Book of the Dead, Boston: Shambhala, 2001. Germano, D., ‘Dying, Death, and Other Opportunities’, in D. S. Lopez Jr (ed.),
Religions of Tibet in Practice, Princeton University Press, 1997. Gethin, R., The Foundations of Buddhism, Oxford University Press, 1998. Kazi, Sonam T. (trans.), Kun-zang La-may Zhal-lung, 2 vols., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Diamond Lotus Publications, 1989. Kloetzli, R., Buddhist Cosmology, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidas, 1983. Kritzer, R., ‘Antarabhava in the Vibhasa’, in Notom Domujoshi Daigaku Kirisuto- kyo Bunka Kenkyujo Kiyo [Maranata], 3.5 (1997), pp. 69-91. Lalou, M., ‘Chemins du mort dans les croyances de haute-asie’, in Revue de I’Histoire des Religions, 135.1 (1949), pp. 42-8. Lati Rinpoche and J. Hopkins, Death, Intermediate State and Rebirth in Tibetan Buddhism, Ithaca, New York: Snowlion, 1979. Mullin, G., Death and Dying: The Tibetan Tradition, Boston: Arkana, 1986.
Namkhai Norbu (trans. Brian Beresford), The Dzogchen Ritual Practices, London:
Kailash Editions, 1991. Norbu, T., The Small Golden Key, New York: Jewel Publishing House, 1977. Orofino, G., Sacred Tibetan Teachings on Death and Liberation, Dorset: Prism Press, 1990. Paltrul Rinpoche, The Words of My Perfect Teacher (trans. Padmakara Translation Committee), San Francisco: Harper Collins, 1994. Parfionovitch, Y., Dorje, G., and Meyer, F., Tibetan Medical Paintings, London:
Serindia, 1992. Pommaret, F., Les Revenants de I’au-dela dans le monde tibetain: Sources litteraires
et tradition vivante, Paris: Editions du Centre National de la Recherche Scienti-
fique, 1989. Reynolds, J. M., Self-liberation through Seeing with Naked Awareness, New York:
Station Hill Press, 1989. Sogyal Rinpoche, The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying, San Francisco:
Harper Collins, 199Z. Tenga Rinpoche, Transition and Liberation (trans. Alex Wilding), Osterby: Khampa
Buchverlag, 1996. Tenzin Wangyal, Wonders of the Natural Mind, New York: Station Hill Press,
1993. Wallace, A., and Gyatrul Rinpoche, Natural Liberation: Padmasambhava’s Teachings on the Six Bardos, Boston: Wisdom Publications, 1998. Wayman, A., The Buddhist Tantras: New Light on Indo-Tibetan Esotericism,
London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1973. Williams, P., Mahayana Buddhism, London/New York: Routledge, 1989. _________The Reflexive Nature of Awareness: A Tibetan Madhyamaka Defence, Surrey:
Curzon, 1998.